BNF for TutorialD.jjTOKENS
NON-TERMINALS
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/* Rel extension - non-TTM */ |
| write | ::= | <WRITE> expression |
/* Rel extension - non-TTM */
| writeln | ::= | <WRITELN> ( expression )? |
/* Rel extension - non-TTM */
| output | ::= | <OUTPUT> expression |
/* Rel extension - non-TTM */
| announce | ::= | <ANNOUNCE> string_literal |
/* Rel extension - non-TTM */
| execute | ::= | <EXECUTE> expression |
/* Rel extension - non-TTM */
| set | ::= | <SET> identifier identifier |
| compound_statement_body | ::= | <BEGIN> ";" ( statement )* <END> |
| op_def | ::= | <OPERATOR> identifier "(" parameter_def_commalist ")" op_returns ( rel_op_def | external_op_def ) |
| lambda | ::= | <OPERATOR> lambda_definition <END> <OPERATOR> |
| | | <LAMBDA> lambda_definition <LAMBDAEND> |
| lambda_definition | ::= | "(" parameter_def_commalist ")" <RETURNS> type_ref ";" op_body |
| external_op_def | ::= | identifier <FOREIGN> ( <TEXT> )* <ENDFOREIGN> <OPERATOR> |
| rel_op_def | ::= | op_updates op_synonym op_version ";" op_body <END> <OPERATOR> |
/* Note: op_returns() and op_updates() should be mutually exclusive. */
| op_returns | ::= | ( <RETURNS> type_ref )? |
| op_updates | ::= | ( <UPDATES> "{" ( <ALL> <BUT> parameter_name_commalist )? "}" )? |
| op_synonym | ::= | ( synonym_def )? |
| op_version | ::= | ( <VERSION> identifier )? |
| op_body | ::= | ( statement )? |
| return_statement | ::= | <RETURN> ( expression )? |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| parameter_def_commalist | ::= | ( parameter_def ( "," parameter_def )* )? |
| parameter_def | ::= | identifier type_ref |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| parameter_name_commalist | ::= | ( identifier ( "," identifier )* )? |
| synonym_def | ::= | <SYNONYMS> "{" user_op_name_commalist "}" |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| user_op_name_commalist | ::= | identifier ( "," identifier )* |
/* Inclusion of type_ref_commalist() in OPERATOR DROP is not per TTM3, but necessary to disambiguate operators. */
| drop | ::= | <DROP> ( <OPERATOR> op_signature | <VAR> identifier | <CONSTRAINT> identifier | <TYPE> identifier ) |
| op_signature | ::= | identifier "(" type_ref_commalist ")" |
| op_type | ::= | <OPERATOR> "(" type_ref_commalist ")" ( <RETURNS> type_ref )? |
| type_ref_commalist | ::= | ( type_ref ( "," type_ref )* )? |
/* Was user_scalar_type_def */
| type_def | ::= | <TYPE> identifier type_def_kind |
| type_def_kind | ::= | type_def_external |
| | | type_def_internal |
| type_def_external | ::= | identifier <FOREIGN> ( <TEXT> )* <ENDFOREIGN> <TYPE> |
/* User-defined (internal) types start here */
| type_def_internal | ::= | type_def_internal_ordinal type_def_internal_union type_def_internal_is_or_possrep |
| type_def_internal_is_or_possrep | ::= | is_def |
| | | possrep_def_list |
| type_def_internal_ordinal | ::= | ( type_def_internal_opt_ordinal )? |
| type_def_internal_opt_ordinal | ::= | ( <ORDINAL> | <ORDERED> ) |
| type_def_internal_union | ::= | ( type_def_internal_opt_union )? |
| type_def_internal_opt_union | ::= | <UNION> |
| is_def | ::= | <IS> "{" ( single_inheritance_is_def | multiple_inheritance_is_def ) "}" |
| single_inheritance_is_def | ::= | identifier possrep_or_specialization_details |
| possrep_or_specialization_details | ::= | specialisation_constraint_def ( derived_possrep_def_list )? |
| | | possrep_def_list |
| multiple_inheritance_is_def | ::= | scalar_type_name_commalist derived_possrep_def_list |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| scalar_type_name_commalist | ::= | scalar_type_name ( "," scalar_type_name )* |
| scalar_type_name | ::= | identifier |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| possrep_def_list | ::= | ( possrep_def )* possrep_opt_initialiser |
/* Not defined in TTM3. For explicitly setting values of components not in the current possrep. Only required by types with multiple possreps. Takes the place of "highly protected operators not part of D". (pg 382, etc.) */
| possrep_opt_initialiser | ::= | ( <INIT> possrep_initialiser_assignments ( possrep_initialiser_assignments )* )? |
/* Not defined in TTM3, as per above. Identifier should be existing POSSREP name. */
| possrep_initialiser_assignments | ::= | identifier "(" assignment ")" |
| possrep_def | ::= | <POSSREP> possrep_def_identifier "{" possrep_component_def_commalist possrep_opt_constraint_def "}" |
| possrep_def_identifier | ::= | ( identifier )? |
| possrep_opt_constraint_def | ::= | ( constraint_def )? |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| possrep_component_def_commalist | ::= | ( possrep_component_def ( "," possrep_component_def )* )? |
| possrep_component_def | ::= | identifier type_ref |
/* Expression must be boolean */
| constraint_def | ::= | <CONSTRAINT> expression |
/* Expression must be boolean */
| specialisation_constraint_def | ::= | <CONSTRAINT> expression |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| derived_possrep_def_list | ::= | derived_possrep_def ( derived_possrep_def )* |
| derived_possrep_def | ::= | <POSSREP> derived_possrep_def_opt_identifier "{" derived_possrep_component_def_commalist "}" |
| derived_possrep_def_opt_identifier | ::= | ( identifier )? |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| derived_possrep_component_def_commalist | ::= | derived_possrep_component_def ( "," derived_possrep_component_def )* |
| derived_possrep_component_def | ::= | identifier "=" identifier "(" identifier ")" |
/* End user-defined types (internal) */ /* Includes scalar_var_def, relation_var_def, array_var_def and tuple_var_def */
| var_def | ::= | <VAR> identifier ( var_scalar_or_tuple | var_array | var_relvar ) |
| var_relvar | ::= | ( <REAL> | <BASE> ) var_type_or_init_value var_keydeflist |
| | | <PRIVATE> var_type_or_init_value var_keydeflist | |
| | | <PUBLIC> type_ref var_keydeflist | |
| | | <VIRTUAL> expression var_keydeflistoptional | |
| | | var_relvar_external |
| var_relvar_external | ::= | <EXTERNAL> identifier string_literal ( identifier )? |
| var_keydeflist | ::= | var_keydef ( var_keydef )* |
| var_keydeflistoptional | ::= | ( var_keydef )* |
| var_keydef | ::= | <KEY> "{" attribute_name_list "}" |
| var_scalar_or_tuple | ::= | var_type_or_init_value |
| var_type_or_init_value | ::= | var_type_and_optional_init |
| | | var_init |
| var_type_and_optional_init | ::= | type_ref ( <INIT> "(" expression ")" )? |
| var_init | ::= | <INIT> "(" expression ")" |
| var_array | ::= | <ARRAY> type_ref |
| db_constraint_def | ::= | <CONSTRAINT> identifier expression |
/* type -- scalar_type, tuple_type, relation_type */
| type_ref | ::= | identifier |
| | | type_same_type_as | |
| | | tuple_type | |
| | | relation_type | |
| | | op_type |
| type_same_type_as | ::= | <SAME_TYPE_AS> "(" expression ")" |
| tuple_type | ::= | <TUPLE> heading_type |
| relation_type | ::= | <RELATION> heading_type |
| heading_type | ::= | heading |
| | | same_heading_as |
| same_heading_as | ::= | <SAME_HEADING_AS> "(" expression ")" |
| relation_array_load | ::= | <LOAD> identifier <FROM> expression |
| begin_transaction | ::= | <BEGIN> <TRANSACTION> |
| commit | ::= | <COMMIT> |
| rollback | ::= | <ROLLBACK> |
| case_statement | ::= | <CASE> ";" when_def_list case_else <END> <CASE> |
| when_def_list | ::= | when_def ( when_def )* |
| when_def | ::= | <WHEN> expression <THEN> statement |
| case_else | ::= | ( <ELSE> statement )? |
/* Note that THEN and ELSE are not followed by semicolons, but maybe should be? */
| if_statement | ::= | <IF> expression <THEN> statement if_statement_else <END> <IF> |
| if_statement_else | ::= | ( <ELSE> statement )? |
| loop | ::= | ( identifier ":" )? ( do_statement | while_statement | for_statement ) |
| do_statement | ::= | <DO> identifier ":=" expression <TO> expression ";" statement <END> <DO> |
| while_statement | ::= | <WHILE> expression ";" statement <END> <WHILE> |
| for_statement | ::= | <FOR> expression ";" statement <END> <FOR> |
| leave | ::= | <LEAVE> identifier |
| call | ::= | <CALL> identifier "(" arglist ")" |
| assignment | ::= | assign ( "," assign )* |
| assign | ::= | identifier ":=" expression |
| | | <INSERT> identifier expression | |
| | | <D_INSERT> identifier expression | |
| | | <DELETE> identifier delete_parameter | |
| | | <I_DELETE> identifier expression | |
| | | <UPDATE> identifier update_where ":" update_assignment |
| delete_parameter | ::= | ( ( <WHERE> )? expression )? |
| update_where | ::= | ( <WHERE> expression )? |
| update_assignment | ::= | "{" assignment "}" |
/* Expressions */
| expression | ::= | ( attribute_from | basic_expression | tuple_from | with | tclose ) |
| attribute_from | ::= | identifier <FROM> expression |
| tuple_from | ::= | <TUPLE> <FROM> expression |
| with | ::= | <WITH> "(" name_intro_commalist ")" ":" expression |
| name_intro_commalist | ::= | name_intro ( "," name_intro )* |
| name_intro | ::= | identifier ":=" expression |
| tclose | ::= | <TCLOSE> expression |
| basic_expression | ::= | order_expression ( "[" expression "]" | "(" arglist ")" )? |
| order_expression | ::= | where_expression ( <ORDER> "(" order_item_commalist ")" )? |
| where_expression | ::= | or_expression ( <WHERE> or_expression )? |
| or_expression | ::= | xor_expression ( <OR> xor_expression )* |
| xor_expression | ::= | and_expression ( <XOR> and_expression )* |
| and_expression | ::= | compare_expression ( <AND> compare_expression )* |
| compare_expression | ::= | rel_diadic ( "=" rel_diadic | "<>" rel_diadic | ">=" rel_diadic | "<=" rel_diadic | ">" rel_diadic | "<" rel_diadic | <IN> rel_diadic )? |
| rel_diadic | ::= | rel_monadic ( <UNION> rel_monadic | <XUNION> rel_monadic | <D_UNION> rel_monadic | <INTERSECT> rel_monadic | <MINUS> rel_monadic | <I_MINUS> rel_monadic | <JOIN> rel_monadic | <TIMES> rel_monadic | <COMPOSE> rel_monadic | ( <SEMIJOIN> | <MATCHING> ) rel_monadic | ( <SEMIMINUS> | <NOT> <MATCHING> ) rel_monadic )* |
| rel_monadic | ::= | rel_project ( <RENAME> "{" renaming_commalist "}" | <WRAP> wrapping | <UNWRAP> identifier | <GROUP> grouping | <UNGROUP> identifier | <DIVIDEBY> expression <PER> "(" expression divide_per_optional ")" )? |
/* Not explicitly defined in TTM3 */
| order_item_commalist | ::= | ( order_item ( "," order_item )* )? |
| order_item | ::= | <ASC> identifier |
| | | <DESC> identifier |
| divide_per_optional | ::= | ( "," expression )? |
| rel_project | ::= | add_expression ( "{" attribute_name_list "}" )? |
| grouping | ::= | "{" attribute_name_list "}" <AS> identifier |
| wrapping | ::= | "{" attribute_name_list "}" <AS> identifier |
| renaming_commalist | ::= | ( renaming ( "," renaming )* )? |
| renaming | ::= | renaming_simple |
| | | renaming_prefix | |
| | | renaming_suffix |
| renaming_simple | ::= | identifier <AS> identifier |
| renaming_prefix | ::= | <PREFIX> string_literal <AS> string_literal |
| renaming_suffix | ::= | <SUFFIX> string_literal <AS> string_literal |
| attribute_name_list | ::= | optional_all_but attribute_name_commalist |
| optional_all_but | ::= | ( <ALL> <BUT> )? |
| attribute_name_commalist | ::= | ( identifier ( "," identifier )* )? |
| add_expression | ::= | mul_expression ( "+" mul_expression | "-" mul_expression | "||" mul_expression )* |
| mul_expression | ::= | unary_expression ( "*" unary_expression | "/" unary_expression )* |
| unary_expression | ::= | <NOT> unary_expression |
| | | "+" unary_expression | |
| | | "-" unary_expression | |
| | | primary_expression |
| primary_expression | ::= | literal |
| | | aggregate_operator | |
| | | exactly | |
| | | nadic_or | |
| | | nadic_xor | |
| | | nadic_and | |
| | | nadic_union | |
| | | nadic_xunion | |
| | | nadic_disjoint_union | |
| | | nadic_intersect | |
| | | nadic_join | |
| | | nadic_times | |
| | | nadic_compose | |
| | | nadic_count | |
| | | nadic_sum | |
| | | nadic_avg | |
| | | nadic_max | |
| | | nadic_min | |
| | | extend | |
| | | summarize | |
| | | substitute | |
| | | case_expression | |
| | | if_expression | |
| | | fn_invoke | |
| | | dereference | |
| | | "(" expression ")" |
| case_expression | ::= | <CASE> when_def_list_expr <ELSE> expression <END> <CASE> |
| when_def_list_expr | ::= | when_def_expr ( when_def_expr )* |
| when_def_expr | ::= | <WHEN> expression <THEN> expression |
| if_expression | ::= | <IF> expression <THEN> expression <ELSE> expression <END> <IF> |
/* Update expression, *not* assignment. Contents of expression() does not change! */
| substitute | ::= | <UPDATE> expression ":" update_assignment |
| nadic_optional_heading | ::= | heading "{" heading_exp_commalist "}" |
| | | "{" heading_exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_union | ::= | <UNION> nadic_optional_heading |
| nadic_xunion | ::= | <XUNION> nadic_optional_heading |
| nadic_disjoint_union | ::= | <D_UNION> nadic_optional_heading |
| nadic_intersect | ::= | <INTERSECT> nadic_optional_heading |
| nadic_join | ::= | <JOIN> "{" heading_exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_times | ::= | <TIMES> "{" heading_exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_compose | ::= | <COMPOSE> "{" heading_exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_or | ::= | <OR> "{" bool_exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_xor | ::= | <XOR> "{" bool_exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_and | ::= | <AND> "{" bool_exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_count | ::= | <COUNT> "{" exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_sum | ::= | <SUM> "{" exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_avg | ::= | <AVG> "{" exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_max | ::= | <MAX> "{" exp_commalist "}" |
| nadic_min | ::= | <MIN> "{" exp_commalist "}" |
| exactly | ::= | <EXACTLY> "(" expression ( "," expression ( "," expression )* )? ")" |
| exp_commalist | ::= | ( expression ( "," expression )* )? |
| bool_exp_commalist | ::= | ( expression ( "," expression )* )? |
| heading_exp_commalist | ::= | ( expression ( "," expression )* )? |
| extend | ::= | <EXTEND> expression ":" "{" extend_add_commalist "}" |
| extend_add_commalist | ::= | extend_add ( "," extend_add )* |
| extend_add | ::= | identifier ":=" expression |
| summarize | ::= | <SUMMARIZE> expression per_or_by ":" "{" summarize_add_commalist "}" |
| per_or_by | ::= | ( <PER> "(" expression ")" | <BY> "{" attribute_name_list "}" )? |
| summarize_add_commalist | ::= | summarize_add ( "," summarize_add )* |
| summarize_add | ::= | identifier ":=" summary |
| summary | ::= | <COUNT> "(" ")" |
| | | <COUNTD> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <SUM> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <SUMD> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <AVG> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <AVGD> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <MAX> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <MIN> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <AND> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <OR> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <XOR> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <EXACTLY> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <EXACTLYD> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <UNION> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <XUNION> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <D_UNION> "(" expression ")" | |
| | | <INTERSECT> "(" expression ")" |
| fn_invoke | ::= | identifier "(" arglist ")" |
| arglist | ::= | ( expression ( "," expression )* )? |
| aggregate_operator | ::= | <COUNT> "(" expression ")" |
| | | <SUM> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <AVG> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <MAX> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <MIN> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <AND> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <OR> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <XOR> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <UNION> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <XUNION> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <D_UNION> "(" expression "," expression ")" | |
| | | <INTERSECT> "(" expression "," expression ")" |
| literal | ::= | lambda |
| | | tuple | |
| | | relation | |
| | | integer | |
| | | character | |
| | | rational | |
| | | bool |
| tuple | ::= | <TUPLE> "{" ( tuple_component_commalist )? "}" |
| tuple_component_commalist | ::= | tuple_component ( "," tuple_component )* |
| tuple_component | ::= | identifier expression |
| relation | ::= | <RELATION> relation_heading "{" tuple_exp_commalist "}" |
| | | <TABLE_DUM> | |
| | | <TABLE_DEE> |
| relation_heading | ::= | ( heading )? |
| heading | ::= | "{" ( attribute_spec_commalist )? "}" |
| tuple_exp_commalist | ::= | ( expression ( "," expression )* )? |
| attribute_spec_commalist | ::= | attribute_spec ( "," attribute_spec )* |
| attribute_spec | ::= | identifier type_ref |
| identifier | ::= | <IDENTIFIER> |
| dereference | ::= | <IDENTIFIER> |
| character | ::= | <STRING_LITERAL> |
| string_literal | ::= | <STRING_LITERAL> |
| integer | ::= | <INTEGER_LITERAL> |
| rational | ::= | <FLOATING_POINT_LITERAL> |
| bool | ::= | <TRUE> |
| | | <FALSE> |